Analysis of Labour Force Mobility-Results of 2018 National Survey of Labour Force (NSLF)

The phenomenon of labor mobility that occurs in Indonesia consists of two types, namely spatial labor mobility and non-racial labor mobility. There are also two types of spatial labor mobility, namely permanent and non-permanent mobility. While non-spatial labor mobility is a move from one job to another, both according to the sector and the status of the work.
Writing a publication on the analysis of labor mobility as a result of Sakernas 2018 seeks to explore the potential for labor mobility, both in terms of permanent and non-permanent mobility workers, as well as job mobility workers.
In line with migration theory, the processed results show that selective migration of sex, marital status and education is completed. Men tend to migrate more than women. In terms of marital status, the proportion of migrant workers who are not yet married is greater than those of those who are married and divorced. In addition, migrant workers are mostly dominated by those with high school education and above.
Most migrant workers work in the wholesale and retail trade, repair and car maintenance sectors. Followed by the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sector and the manufacturing sector. Thirty percent of migrant workers work as production workers, transportation equipment operators, and unskilled workers. Meanwhile, only one percent of the leadership and management personnel. If seen from the status of work, more than half of migrant workers are workers / employees / employees. Then migrant workers who work in each economic sector mostly work during normal working hours.
Within the province, West Java is the province with the highest percentage of migrant workers, followed by the provinces of Central Java and East Java. Almost all provinces in Indonesia are dominated by residents from provinces in Java. The provinces in question are the Provinces of West Java, Central Java and East Java.
Sakernas 2018 shows that there is a similar pattern between shuttle mobility and circular mobility according to gender. Male workers do more of these two non-permanent mobility than female workers. Women tend to be stayers ie work in the same location as their residence. According to education, the largest proportion of shuttle mobility actors are workers with high school education and above and vice versa for circular mobility is workers with education below high school. From the regional aspect, workers who live in urban areas are more mobile than workers who live in rural areas. Workers who live in urban areas have greater opportunities to commute mobility, and conversely workers who live in rural areas have greater opportunities to do circular mobility. Based on their marital status, those who are not / not yet married tend to commute mobility, on the contrary those who are married have a greater chance of doing circular mobility.
Non-permanent mobility is more common in the age group of 20-49 years. The age group of non-permanent mobility workers forms an inverted "U" pattern with a peak in the 25-49 year age group. More commuter workers are at a young age, while circular workers are more at the age above 30 years. The older, the smaller the tendency for workers to engage in non-permanent mobility. They prefer to work in the same regency / city as their residence.
Commuters mostly work in the wholesale and retail trade sector, car repair and maintenance and the manufacturing industry sector, then followed by the construction sector. Meanwhile, circular workers are mostly absorbed in the construction sector, the wholesale and retail trade sector, car repair and maintenance as well as the manufacturing sector.
Mobility activities are based on economic motivation to obtain better income levels, so that many workers choose to leave the agricultural sector and carry out non-permanent mobility to other districts / cities by working in other sectors such as industry, trade, or services that can provide wages which is higher than those who have to work as agricultural workers. Both commuter workers and circular workers work mostly as production labor, transportation equipment operations, and unskilled workers. In addition, most commuter and circular workers are workers / employees / employees.
In general, both commuter and circular workers have worked normal hours, only a small percentage still work below normal working hours. The large proportion of those who work according to normal working hours occurs because the majority of commuter and circular workers are workers / employees / employees.
Most commuter or circular workers are wage sector workers or commonly called formal sector workers. When detailed according to the level of education completed, there is a pattern that illustrates that the higher the education level of workers the greater the tendency for them to enter formal employment.
The majority of commuter workers need between half to one hour to work. Only a few take over two hours. Based on the mode of transportation used, commuter workers who use public, shared, and private transportation mostly spend about half an hour.
More Indonesian workers work in the same location as their residence, which is in one district / city (stayers). Nevertheless the percentage of non-permanent mobility actors has increased. Within the province, DKI Jakarta, West Java, Banten, Yogyakarta and Bali are the provinces with the highest percentage of non-permanent mobility actors. Support adequate transportation facilities and infrastructure, making it easier for workers to carry out non-permanent mobility both daily, weekly or monthly.
The biggest contributors to commuters in Indonesia are provinces on Java, which reached 76.5 percent. This is reasonable because indeed big cities in Indonesia are mostly located on Java. West Java is the province with the highest percentage of commuter workers.
Job mobility is a form of non-physical movement of labor. In contrast to spatial mobility which takes into account geographical dimensions, job mobility pays attention to changes in employment and employment status. The findings show that male workers tend to change jobs compared to female workers. Meanwhile, if seen according to the area of ​​residence, workers in urban areas also have more jobs than workers who have moved in rural areas.
In general, it appears that the higher the age of workers, the less tendency to move from the workplace. The high tendency of turn over in the productive age group (15-24, 25-34, and 35-44 years) indicates the dynamic labor market in Indonesia.
The biggest job transfers occur due to internal reasons. In the young age group, more work shifts are due to internal reasons. The older the workers age, the smaller the tendency to change jobs due to internal factors.
The sectors which included many of the workers who moved jobs were the wholesale and retail trade, car repair and maintenance sectors. However, most of them do the transfer of jobs still in the same sector. When viewed in terms of employment status before moving, the ones who make the most shifts are those who are workers / employees / employees.
The experience of working abroad will add added value to those who experience it. Unfortunately, of the entire population aged 15 years and over, only around 1 (one) percent has had experience working abroad, and most of them have worked in Malaysia. The majority of those who have worked in Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, and Taiwan have educational background below high school. On the other hand, those who had worked in developed countries such as South Korea and Japan were in fact dominated by those with high school education and above. This shows that access to the labor market in these countries requires high expertise.